Is ONE PIECE episode 583 filler?
Canon No, episode 583 of ONE PIECE is canon.
#583
Save the Children! The Straw Hats Start to Fight!
子供達を救え！一味戦闘開始
Aired 3 Feb 2013
Mochibayo compiled this list from MyAnimeList's labels, because MyAnimeList's episode data is not reaching us at the moment.